This paper presents some of the most significant issues of the healthcate system of the Republic of Serbia that can significantly influence sustainability in the future. The economic sustainability of healthcare systems is presented in the literature as an increasingly important component that needs to be predicted in the short and long term in line with the development capacities of the healthcare system. The paper presents the financial aspects of the system (as an aspect of the share in GDP), as well as the presentation of the financial performance of healthcare institutions. In addition, the emigration of medical personnel and the average age of doctors are taken into account as one of the examples of insufficiently effective labor force optimization. The equipment of healthcare institutions and the obsolescence of equipment are another element that deserves attention. The socioeconomic factors of the Serbian population are shown in order to determine the overall quality of life in line with modern health definitions. It was concluded that the entire healthcare system needs to be optimized, including, among other things, more efficient planning, retrospective analysis and resource optimization. Corruption is also a segment of importance to be systematically worked out. Method: The paper primarily analyzes and synthesizes literature as well as previous author's research in the field of health economics. Results: The results of the analysis indicate the importance of selected problems of the health care system of the Republic of Serbia in the context of sustainability. These results highlight the need for comprehensive health care reform that would be based on the formulation of a National Strategy.

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