Background Over the past few years, the COVID-19 epidemic has affected over 700 million people worldwide and resulted in a death toll of more than 6 million. The direct medical costs, as well as the indirect costs in terms of lost lives and productivity, have placed significant economic burdens on patients, the general public, and governments. Despite the conclusion of the pandemic, it is crucial to reflect upon the public health management and strategies employed by various countries during the COVID-19 crisis, identify any shortcomings, and enhance our public health management strategies to effectively tackle potential future epidemics. Method This study was based on public health data and related research papers from various countries during the COVID-19 epidemic. It conducted a retrospective evaluation of the main measures and factors for epidemic prevention and control in terms of economic benefits and social benefits. Result Restrictive measures had a negative impact on a country's economy and create social problems. The social benefits of vaccination largely depend on its scientific management. The placebo effect can have a positive impact on the economy and society. Conclusion Our research showed that mass vaccinations were not a reasonable solution to the epidemic. The placebo effect can produce economic and social benefits during the epidemic, but we need to try to find more economical methods.

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