The trend of globalization has been present in the modern world economy for decades, and the movement of the working-age population is becoming increasingly noticable. Migration in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in the rest of the world in general, has a long history and had inevitably accompanied the changes that have affected human society. The reasons for that are various, from involuntary ones, such as war conflicts, diseases, drought and the like, including the conditionally voluntary ones such as political or economic situation, leading to voluntary migrations in order to achieve certain personal goals. Migrations reflect the attitudes of the population about the situation in the country, but they also reflect the state of development of each country in the world. Removing the barriers, digitalization and information accessibility, the perception of the population about the current situation in the country, as well as the future one, had the consequence that Bosnia and Herzegovina is at the very top in terms of population outflow. The European perspective for Bosnia and Herzegovina provides additional opportunities for emigration into the more developed countries of the European Union. The paper will deal with the impact of global changes on the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with an emphasis on the outflow of working age population, demographic changes and the impact on the labour market, and the social and economic challenges facing Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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